Use of Multi-segment Foot Kinematics to Distinguish Idiopathic Toe-walkers, Children with Cerebral Palsy, and Typically Developing Children

Multi-segment foot kinematics were compared between idiopathic toe walkers (ITW) and typically developing children (TD) during toe walking and also compared to children with mild diplegic cerebral palsy (CP) who toe walked. Where possible, heel-toe walking was also compared between ITW and TD children. Significant differences were found between the ITW and TD groups during both toe walking and heel-toe walking, primarily evident at the hindfoot. Differences between the CP and ITW groups were evident in the forefoot and hallux angles. These results indicate that foot motion differs according to diagnosis, and may be used to aid differentiation between ITW and mild CP.